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Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...

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Immersion pulmonary edema: case reports from Oceania.

Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc·2019

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Immersion pulmonary edema: an analysis of 31 cases from Oceania.

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The evolution of scuba divers pulmonary edema.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Expired CO₂ Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Published on: January 29, 2011

Scuba divers' pulmonary oedema. A case report.

¹Foundation President and a Life Member of SPUMS, Ocean Royale 11/69-74 North Steyne, Manly, NSW 2095, Australia, Phone: +61-(0)2-9976-5556,

Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine

|July 4, 2012

Summary

Scuba divers' pulmonary oedema (SDPE) is a lung condition that can occur during diving. This case highlights risk factors like immersion, breathing resistance, and age, offering insights into prevention.

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Diving Medicine
Cardiopulmonary Physiology

Background:

Scuba divers' pulmonary oedema (SDPE) is a rare but serious condition.
Understanding its multifactorial etiology is crucial for prevention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a case of presumed SDPE.
To illustrate key etiological factors and preventive measures for SDPE.

Main Methods:

Case report presentation.
Review of clinical symptomatology and progress.
Discussion of relevant physiological and environmental factors.

Main Results:

The presented case exhibited typical SDPE symptoms.

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A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

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Published on: January 28, 2020

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

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A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

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Identified risk factors included immersion, negative-pressure inspiration, breathing resistance from scuba regulators, and advanced age.

Respiratory restriction from diving equipment may exacerbate dyspnea.

Conclusions:

SDPE is likely multifactorial, involving physiological stress from immersion and breathing apparatus.
Awareness of risk factors and appropriate preventive strategies are essential for divers.