[Pneumopyopericardium]

Pneumopyopericardium is a rare disease. The most common causes seems to be ulceration or carcinoma in the lower esophagus or upper stomach. We report a case of pneumopiopericardium secondary to a pneumonia in a 60 years-old-woman after the first course of chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. We use this case as a basis for a review of the literature on similar cases. This syndrome can be recognised promptly because of its characteristic physical findings and radiographic features.