Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 20, 2026

Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials
Published on: July 16, 2020
The targets of information-carrying nanodomains
George Czerlinski1, Tjalling Ypma
1Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA.
Abstract:
We recently introduced the concept of aqueous nanodomains to explain high potentization in homeopathy. These long-lived nanodomains carry excited states of at least two ranges of energy packets; one for chemical change, the other for target-information. Here we discuss how these nanodomains interact with their targets. Our assumption is that these targets are similar to nanodomains, thereby enhancing their interaction. We use a simple system involving only one enzyme reaction to model the normal, the diseased and the enhanced recovery phases. For the healthy phase, a range of initial enzyme concentrations lead to a stationary state. We adjust the initial enzyme concentration to find an 'ideal' value, for which at stationary state the enzyme cycle provides the identical substrate concentration for each of the adjoining components. We simulate the diseased phase by starting a fast isomerization between the free active enzyme and its inactive form. At the end of this phase another stationary state is reached. In the subsequent recovery phase the fast movement of the excited states in the homeopathic solution rapidly converts the inactive form of the enzyme to its electronically excited state, which then converts to active free enzyme. At the end of this phase we return to the stationary state reached at the end of the healthy phase, that is, complete recovery to health. This simple model omits many of the complexities of a live organism. However, the elements of homeopathic action at the target can be observed clearly, as shown by a number of simulations.
Related Concept Videos
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers
Membrane Domains
Protein Domains
The membrane comprises a group of distinct proteins responsible for carrying out a cell's specific function. For example, the plasma membrane of the human sperm, or a single germ cell, contains a unique set of proteins in the anterior...
Targets for Drug Action: Overview
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

