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Shear-induced volume decrease in MDCK cells.

Jinseok Heo¹, Frederick Sachs, Jianbin Wang

¹Department of Physiology and Biophysics, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology

|July 5, 2012

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Shear stress causes Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells to irreversibly shrink by 20-30%. This cell shrinkage is mediated by aquaporins and not by common ion channels, suggesting a pressure-driven water efflux mechanism.

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biophysics
Fluid Mechanics

Background:

Cell volume regulation is crucial for cellular function.
Shear stress is a significant physical force cells encounter in physiological environments.
Understanding cell volume changes under mechanical stress is vital for various biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of shear stress on Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell volume.
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying shear-induced cell volume changes.
To determine the reversibility and ionic dependencies of shear-induced cell shrinkage.

Main Methods:

Microfluidic cell volume sensing to measure real-time cell volume changes.
Fluorescence quenching assays to confirm volume reduction.

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Pharmacological inhibition using Hg(2+), TEA, DIDS, and Gd(3+) to probe ion channel involvement.

Finite element mechanical modeling to simulate intracellular pressure.

Main Results:

Increased shear stress (0.2 to 2.0 dyn/cm(2)) induced a 20-30% irreversible cell volume decrease in MDCK cells.
Cell shrinkage was significantly inhibited by Hg(2+), implicating aquaporins in water efflux.
Volume reduction was independent of K(+) and Cl(-) channels, cationic stretch-activated ion channels (SACs), and intracellular Ca(2+).

Conclusions:

Shear stress induces irreversible cell shrinkage in MDCK cells, likely via aquaporin-mediated water efflux.
The mechanism appears to be driven by increased intracellular hydrostatic pressure due to cell deformation under flow.
This process is distinct from typical regulatory volume decrease (RVD) mechanisms.