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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Cognitive load disrupts implicit theory-of-mind processing.

Dana Schneider1, Rebecca Lam, Andrew P Bayliss

  • 1University of Queensland, Australia. msdanaschneider@gmail.com

Psychological Science
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implicit theory of mind (ToM) relies on executive functions. Cognitive load during a false-belief task impaired implicit belief tracking, suggesting ToM is a capacity-limited process.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Eye movements in false-belief tasks suggest implicit theory of mind (ToM).
  • An efficient, automatic ToM system has been proposed to underpin this ability.
  • The role of executive functions in implicit ToM remains empirically untested.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of executive load on implicit ToM.
  • To examine whether implicit belief processing is capacity-limited.

Main Methods:

  • Adult participants completed an implicit Sally-Anne false-belief task.
  • A dual-task paradigm was used to manipulate executive load.
  • Eye movements were recorded to assess belief processing.

Main Results:

  • Participants showed implicit belief processing under no-load conditions.
  • Evidence of belief processing was absent under cognitive load.
  • Executive load significantly impaired performance on the implicit ToM task.

Conclusions:

  • Implicit theory of mind (ToM) draws on domain-general executive resources.
  • Even basic belief tracking is a capacity-limited cognitive operation.
  • These findings challenge the notion of a fully automatic, non-limited implicit ToM system.