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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory
Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron
07:56

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron

Published on: August 12, 2019

C-C bond formation in diiron complexes.

Rita Mazzoni1, Mauro Salmi, Valerio Zanotti

  • 1Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4 40136 Bologna, Italy.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Diiron complexes offer sustainable alternatives for C-C bond formation, utilizing environmentally friendly iron. These complexes show unique advantages over precious metals in various synthetic reactions.

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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron
07:56

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron

Published on: August 12, 2019

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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
09:45

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Sustainable Synthesis
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Growing demand for sustainable synthetic methods using earth-abundant transition metals.
  • Iron complexes are increasingly researched as environmentally friendly alternatives to precious metals.
  • Focus on C-C bond-forming reactions in diiron complexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review C-C bond-forming reactions occurring at bridging ligands in diiron complexes.
  • To highlight the distinctive aspects and advantages of using two adjacent iron centers.
  • To assess the potential of diiron complexes as alternatives to precious metals in C-C bond formation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diiron-mediated C-C bond-forming reactions.
  • Compilation of nucleophilic and electrophilic additions, insertion, and cycloaddition reactions.
  • Analysis of recent developments in diiron complex catalysis.

Main Results:

  • Diiron complexes facilitate various C-C bond-forming reactions, including additions, insertions, and cycloadditions.
  • The presence of two adjacent iron centers offers unique reactivity and advantages.
  • Accumulated evidence suggests significant potential for diiron complexes in catalysis.

Conclusions:

  • Diiron complexes are promising catalysts for sustainable C-C bond formation.
  • They present viable, eco-friendly alternatives to precious metal catalysts.
  • Further research into diiron complexes can advance green chemistry initiatives.