Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hearing Through the Patient's Ears: Hearing Simulation for Counseling and Education.

Audiology research·2026
Same author

Using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation to Null and Enhance Real-World Motion Perception.

Aerospace medicine and human performance·2026
Same author

AI-Driven Prediction of Possible Mild Cognitive Impairment Using the Oculo-Cognitive Addition Test (OCAT).

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Use of Echocardiography Under Hypoxic Stress Without Exercise to Assess Right to Left Shunting.

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease·2025
Same author

The Contribution of Aerospace Medicine Specialty Expertise in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Headache Disorders with Concomitant Clinically Symptomatic Dyscapnia (Respiratory Alkalosis/Acidosis).

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2025
Same author

Occupational heat-related illness risk screening protocols for aviation: a systematic review.

BMJ public health·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Oculo-vestibular recoupling using galvanic vestibular stimulation to mitigate simulator sickness.

Michael J Cevette1, Jan Stepanek, Daniela Cocco

  • 1Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Aerospace Medicine and Vestibular Research Laboratory (AMVRL), Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA. mcevette@mayo.edu

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|July 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Simulator sickness, caused by sensory conflict, can be reduced by synchronizing visual and vestibular stimuli. Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) coupled with visual cues in flight simulators significantly lowers sickness symptoms.

More Related Videos

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
05:02

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
05:02

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors Engineering
  • Aerospace Medicine

Background:

  • Simulator sickness (SS) is a primary limitation in flight simulator training.
  • Intersensory visual-vestibular conflict is the leading cause of SS.
  • Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) offers a method to synchronize visual and vestibular inputs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of oculo-vestibular-recoupled (OVR) simulation using GVS to reduce simulator sickness.
  • To develop an algorithm for synchronizing GVS with visual stimuli in a flight simulator.

Main Methods:

  • A multisite electrode array delivered GVS to 21 subjects to identify optimal electrode combinations.
  • GVS dose-response predictions for motion perception were established.
  • An algorithm was implemented in a flight simulator for OVR simulation, with subjects randomly exposed to conditions with or without OVR.

Main Results:

  • Six unique GVS electrode combinations were identified, forming the basis for the OVR simulation algorithm.
  • The OVR group showed significantly reduced SS scores across gastrointestinal (6.3% vs. 17%), central (20% vs. 22.4%), and peripheral (8% vs. 20%) categories compared to the Control group.

Conclusions:

  • Synchronizing virtual head signals from GVS with the moving visual field in flight simulators significantly reduces SS.
  • OVR simulation effectively mitigates sensory conflict, leading to a more comfortable and potentially more effective training experience.