Reduced Na(+) and higher K(+) channel expression and function contribute to right ventricular origin of arrhythmias...

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is associated with ventricular tachycardia originating particularly in the right ventricle (RV). We explore electrophysiological features predisposing to such arrhythmic tendency and their possible RV localization in a heterozygotic Scn5a+/- murine model. Na(v)1.5 mRNA and protein expression were lower in Scn5a+/- than wild-type (WT), with a further reduction in the RV compared with the left ventricle (LV). RVs showed higher expression levels of K(v)4.2, K(v)4.3 and KChIP2 in both Scn5a+/- and WT. Action potential upstroke velocity and maximum Na(+) current (I(Na)) density were correspondingly decreased in Scn5a+/-, with a further reduction in the RV. The voltage dependence of inactivation was shifted to more negative values in Scn5a+/-. These findings are predictive of a localized depolarization abnormality leading to slowed conduction. Persistent Na(+) current (I(pNa)) density was decreased in a similar pattern to I(Na). RV transient outward current (I(to)) density was greater than LV in both WT and Scn5a+/-, and had larger time constants of inactivation. These findings were also consistent with the observation that AP durations were smallest in the RV of Scn5a+/-, fulfilling predictions of an increased heterogeneity of repolarization as an additional possible electrophysiological mechanism for arrhythmogenesis in BrS.