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Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings
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Phase-dependent changes in local dynamic stability of human gait.

Espen A F Ihlen1, Tobias Goihl, Per B Wik

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway. espen.ihlen@ntnu.no

Journal of Biomechanics
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Summary

This study introduces a new method to measure gait stability, revealing that local dynamical stability changes within each stride. This intra-stride variability is crucial for understanding human locomotion dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Nonlinear dynamics
  • Human locomotion analysis

Background:

  • Nonlinear time series analysis offers methods to quantify human gait stability.
  • The maximum finite time Lyapunov exponent (λ) is a conventional measure of system response to perturbations.
  • Conventional λ has limitations for gait kinematics due to finite perturbations and distinct dynamical regimes within a stride.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for quantifying intra-stride changes in local dynamical stability (λ(t)).
  • To apply this new method to 3D lower extremity gait kinematics in healthy adults.
  • To investigate the gait phase-dependent nature of local dynamical stability.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new method to calculate time-varying Lyapunov exponents (λ(t)).
  • Application of the method to 3D lower extremity gait kinematics data.
  • Analysis of data from 10 healthy adults walking on a treadmill at three different speeds.

Main Results:

  • All participants exhibited intra-stride changes in λ(t) during transitions between single and double support phases.
  • λ(t) showed increases at heel strike and decreases at toe-off, with changes influenced by gait speed.
  • A strong correlation was observed between intra-stride changes in foot velocity standard deviation and initial perturbation changes.

Conclusions:

  • Local dynamical stability of human gait exhibits significant intra-stride, phase-dependent variations.
  • The conventional single λ value fails to capture these essential gait phase-dependent dynamics.
  • The new λ(t) method provides a more comprehensive assessment of gait stability.