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Related Concept Videos

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which provide...
Factors Affecting α-Alkylation of Ketones: Choice of Base01:10

Factors Affecting α-Alkylation of Ketones: Choice of Base

α-Alkylation of ketones is achieved in the presence of alkyl halides and a base. The reaction proceeds via the formation of an enolate ion followed by nucleophilic substitution. The choice of base employed is essential as it is the key factor in determining the reaction outcome.
The reaction involving bases like EtO− whose conjugate acid EtOH (pKa = 15.9) is stronger than the ketone (pKa = 19.2) results in an equilibrium mixture with higher ketone concentration. As a consequence, side reactions...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Extraction of Non-Protein Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Extraction of Non-Protein Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: December 9, 2022

β-Alanine supplementation.

Jay R Hoffman1, Nadia S Emerson, Jeffrey R Stout

  • 1Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-1250, USA. jay.hoffman@ucf.edu

Current Sports Medicine Reports
|July 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Beta-alanine is a popular sports supplement that enhances muscle buffering capacity to reduce fatigue in athletes. This review covers its mechanisms, efficacy, dosing, and potential benefits for older adults.

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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
14:18

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Extraction of Non-Protein Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis
08:14

Extraction of Non-Protein Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: December 9, 2022

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
14:18

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Supplementation

Background:

  • Beta-alanine is increasingly popular among strength and power athletes.
  • Its primary mechanism involves enhancing intramuscular buffering capacity.
  • This leads to improved fatigue resistance during high-intensity exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological mechanisms of beta-alanine.
  • To examine effective dosing strategies and scientific evidence for its efficacy.
  • To explore potential effects on body mass, aerobic capacity, and older adult populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of physiological studies on beta-alanine.
  • Analysis of research investigating supplementation protocols and outcomes.
  • Examination of studies on ergogenic effects and safety.

Main Results:

  • Beta-alanine supplementation effectively increases muscle carnosine levels.
  • This enhances buffering capacity, delaying fatigue in relevant exercise modes.
  • Evidence supports its efficacy for improving performance in specific athletic contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Beta-alanine is a proven ergogenic aid for strength/power athletes.
  • Further research is warranted for its effects on body composition, aerobic capacity, and older adults.
  • Potential synergistic effects with creatine and safety considerations are discussed.