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Updated: May 20, 2026

Fluorescence Lifetime Macro Imager for Biomedical Applications
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Time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging techniques suitable for solid-state imaging sensor arrays.

David Day-Uei Li1, Simon Ameer-Beg, Jochen Arlt

  • 1Department of Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QT, UK. david.li@sussex.ac.uk

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 11, 2012
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

We developed advanced algorithms for CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) cameras, enabling video-rate fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). This breakthrough improves contrast in biological imaging, particularly for in vivo studies.

Area of Science:

  • Biophotonics and Imaging Technology
  • Microscopy and Spectroscopic Techniques
  • Materials Science and Semiconductor Devices

Background:

  • Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) is crucial for biological research, but often limited by speed and system complexity.
  • Existing time-domain FLIM systems face challenges in achieving high resolution and real-time imaging capabilities.
  • Solid-state detector arrays, like CMOS SPADs, offer potential for miniaturized and faster FLIM systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate video-rate CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based cameras for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).
  • To develop and adapt innovative FLIM algorithms for massive CMOS SPAD arrays and hardware implementations.
  • To compare the performance of proposed algorithms against established time-domain techniques using experimental data.
Keywords:
CMOSFLIMfluorescence lifetime imaging microscopylifetime based sensingmulti-decaysingle-decaysingle-photon avalanche diodetime-domain FLIM

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Main Methods:

  • Application of novel FLIM algorithms to data acquired from 0.13 μm CMOS SPAD arrays.
  • Review and comparison of various time-domain FLIM techniques and solid-state FLIM systems.
  • Testing algorithm performance on in vivo two-photon FLIM data of rat carcinosarcoma vasculature with FITC-albumin labeling.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of video-rate FLIM using CMOS SPAD cameras.
  • Theoretical error equations derived and validated on SPAD array and scanning photomultiplier tube (PMT) data.
  • Proposed techniques achieved sufficient contrast in lifetime images, effectively analyzing bi-decay data from in vivo biological samples.

Conclusions:

  • Innovative FLIM algorithms enable high-speed imaging with CMOS SPAD cameras, advancing FLIM capabilities.
  • The developed algorithms are suitable for massive CMOS SPAD arrays and hardware integration, paving the way for practical systems.
  • The demonstrated techniques provide high-contrast lifetime images, proving effective for complex biological samples and in vivo studies.