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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

An Optimized LIVE/DEAD Assay Coupled with Flow Cytometry for Quantifying Post-Stress Survival in Yeast Cells
09:58

An Optimized LIVE/DEAD Assay Coupled with Flow Cytometry for Quantifying Post-Stress Survival in Yeast Cells

Published on: August 29, 2025

Dyed but not dead.

Shireen H Haque1, Bobby D Nossaman

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA.

Ochsner Journal
|July 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Vital blue dyes, like isosulfan blue, aid sentinel lymph node biopsy in cancer surgery. However, their perioperative use carries risks that necessitate careful patient management.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a standard oncologic procedure.
  • Vital blue dyes are frequently used to identify sentinel lymph nodes during SLNB.
  • Isosulfan blue is a commonly employed vital blue dye for SLNB.

Observation:

  • Intraoperative administration of vital blue dyes, including isosulfan blue, is associated with potential patient risks.
  • Adverse events related to isosulfan blue use during SLNB have been reported.
  • A comprehensive review of the literature on isosulfan blue's clinical risks is warranted.

Findings:

  • This report details a case and reviews existing literature on isosulfan blue.
  • The review focuses on the clinical risks associated with isosulfan blue in perioperative settings.
Keywords:
Anaphylaxiscancerisosulfan bluemethemoglobinemiapulse oximetryvital dyes

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Live Cell Cycle Analysis of Drosophila Tissues using the Attune Acoustic Focusing Cytometer and Vybrant DyeCycle Violet DNA Stain
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Live Cell Cycle Analysis of Drosophila Tissues using the Attune Acoustic Focusing Cytometer and Vybrant DyeCycle Violet DNA Stain

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Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Axons and their Synapses during Axon Death in Drosophila melanogaster

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Published on: May 19, 2013

  • Understanding these risks is crucial for safe patient care during SLNB.

    • Implications:

    • Enhanced awareness of isosulfan blue's risks can improve patient safety in cancer surgery.
    • This review provides valuable information for surgeons and healthcare providers performing SLNB.
    • Optimizing the use of vital dyes like isosulfan blue can enhance the efficacy and safety of SLNB procedures.