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Glycopeptide resistance in gram-positive cocci: a review

S Sujatha1, Ira Praharaj

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India.

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases
|July 11, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Vancomycin resistance in bacteria like Enterococci (VRE) and Staphylococcus aureus is a growing global threat, limiting treatment options. This review explores the genetic basis, detection, and emerging therapies for these resistant gram-positive pathogens.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases
  • Molecular biology of antimicrobial resistance
  • Bacterial genetics and evolution

Background:

  • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and vancomycin-nonsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus are significant nosocomial pathogens.
  • The rise of these resistant strains severely restricts therapeutic choices for treating serious infections.
  • Increasing vancomycin resistance is also observed in coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the genetic underpinnings of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus.
  • To discuss critical aspects of detecting vancomycin resistance in these gram-positive bacteria.
  • To review glycopeptide resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci and vancomycin tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on the genetic basis of vancomycin resistance.
  • Analysis of diagnostic considerations for identifying vancomycin-resistant gram-positive bacteria.
  • Synthesis of information on therapeutic strategies against emerging resistant pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Detailed exploration of the genetic mechanisms conferring vancomycin resistance in key pathogens.
  • Emphasis on the challenges and importance of accurate detection methods for resistance.
  • Overview of current and developing treatment options for infections caused by these multidrug-resistant organisms.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the genetic basis of vancomycin resistance is crucial for combating its spread.
  • Effective detection strategies are vital for appropriate patient management and infection control.
  • Continued research into novel therapeutic agents is necessary to address the limited treatment landscape.

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