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Related Concept Videos

Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

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Gastric Point of Care Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation
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Gastric Point of Care Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Published on: September 22, 2023

Functional abdominal bloating with distention.

Stephen Norman Sullivan1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1M9.

ISRN Gastroenterology
|July 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Bloating affects 10-25% of healthy individuals and is common in irritable bowel syndrome. While causes are unknown, new theories suggest weight gain, muscle issues, or fluid retention, with some treatments offering limited hope.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Digestive Health

Background:

  • Bloating affects 10-25% of healthy individuals.
  • It is highly prevalent in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation.
  • Previous explanations like excessive gas or psychiatric issues are disproven.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the unknown causes of bloating.
  • To review current and potential treatment strategies for bloating.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on bloating.
  • Analysis of proposed etiological factors and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Established causes of bloating have been disproved.
  • New hypotheses include weight gain, abdominal muscle dysfunction, diaphragm issues, and small bowel fluid retention.

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Gastric Point of Care Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation
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A Preliminary Study on Warm Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Abdominal Distension
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  • Low FODMAP diet, probiotics, and rifaximin show potential but lack definitive benefit.
  • Weight loss, exercise, prokinetics, and girdles require further investigation.

    • Conclusions:

    • The etiology of bloating remains largely unknown.
    • Several promising, though not universally effective, treatments are emerging.
    • Further research is needed to validate new treatment approaches.