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Perspectives on Neuroscience
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Published on: July 31, 2007

The first modern Europeans.

Stefano Benazzi1

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. stefano.benazzi@univie.ac.at

Journal of Anthropological Sciences = Rivista Di Antropologia : JASS
|July 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

New analysis of Grotta del Cavallo teeth reveals they belong to anatomically modern humans (AMHs), not Neanderthals. This finding redefines the origins of the Uluzzian culture and establishes these remains as the oldest European AMHs.

Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Archaeology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Human fossil remains are vital for understanding human evolution.
  • Revisiting older fossils with new methods can revise taxonomic status and prehistoric understanding.
  • The Uluzzian culture's human remains were previously attributed to Neanderthals based on limited analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the taxonomic status of human remains associated with the Uluzzian culture using advanced analytical techniques.
  • To investigate the origins of the Uluzzian culture by reassessing its associated human fossils.
  • To establish a precise chronology for these early human remains.

Main Methods:

  • Digital morphometric analysis of deciduous molars from Grotta del Cavallo.

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  • Application of recently developed analytical techniques to quantify morphological variation.
  • New chronometric dating analyses of the dental remains.

    • Main Results:

    • The Grotta del Cavallo deciduous molars were reassessed and identified as belonging to anatomically modern humans (AMHs).
    • This reclassification contradicts the previous attribution to Neanderthals.
    • Chronometric analyses dated the remains to 43,000–45,000 calibrated years Before Present (BP), making them the oldest known European AMHs.

    Conclusions:

    • The Uluzzian culture was created by anatomically modern humans (AMHs), not Neanderthals.
    • The Grotta del Cavallo remains represent the earliest evidence of AMHs in Europe.
    • This study highlights the importance of re-examining fossil evidence with modern analytical methods.