[Etiological analysis of fever in the first 24 hours following allogeneic peripheral stem cell transfusion]

To investigate the incidence and pathogenesis of fever within the first 24 hours following allogeneic peripheral stem cell transfusion and to analyze the associated risk factors.

Totally 114 patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) between October 2009 and August 2010 were enrolled and clinical data of febrile patients within 24 hours following peripheral stem cell transfusion were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for transfusion related fever.

Thirty-two (28.1%) out of the 114 patients had a fever within 24 hours after allo-HSCT. All of them were human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch transplantation. The median time of the temperature elevated was 2.5 (0 - 18.0) hours after the infusion with a median time of the peak of 7.8 (3.5 - 23.0) hours after the infusion. Fever was attributed to definite infection in 6 patients and no definite infection in the remaining 26 patients. None of them were hemolytic, which was attributed to transfusion related fever. Multivariate analysis showed that female donor and high count of peripheral leukocyte of donor peripheral blood were significant predictors for transfusion related fever.

Most of post-infusion fever within 24 hours after HLA mismatch related transplantation has no identifiable infectious focus. The risk factors for transfusion related fever are female donor and high number of peripheral leukocyte of donor blood.