Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 20, 2026

Intramuscular Injections Along the Motor End Plates: A Minimally Invasive Approach to Shuttle Tracers Directly into Motor Neurons
Published on: July 13, 2015
Nicolau syndrome after intramuscular injection: 3 cases
Seok-Kwun Kim1, Tae-Heon Kim, Keun-Cheol Lee
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Abstract:
Nicolau syndrome is a rare complication of intramuscular injection consisting of ischemic necrosis of skin, soft tissue, and muscular tissue that arises locoregionally. The characteristic pattern is pain around the injection site, developing into erythema, a livedoid dermatitis patch, and necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous fat, and muscle tissue. Three patients were injected with drugs (diclofenac sodium, ketoprofen, meperidine) for pain relief. Three patients complained of pain, and a skin lesion was observed, after which necrosis developed on their buttocks. Each patient underwent debridement and coverage. The wound healed uneventfully. We report three cases of Nicolau syndrome in the buttocks following diclofenac intramuscular injection.
Related Concept Videos
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions
Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices
Diphtheria
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...

