Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.

Vaccine Production

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

He's here and he's gone; he's here and he's gone … The experiences of new mothers in rural Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, whose partners work away from home.

Rural and remote health·2018

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Affecting change through continuing education: improving vaccine administration technique.

Pamela Moores¹, Peggy Allan

¹Western Regional School of Nursing, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. pmoores@grenfell.mun.ca

Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing

|July 13, 2012

Summary

Aspiration before intramuscular immunizations is no longer recommended as it increases pain. An educational session improved nurses' understanding of current best practices for vaccine administration, shifting beliefs about injection speed and pain.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

Using Simulation Models to Train Clinicians in the Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound

Using Simulation Models to Train Clinicians in the Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound

Published on: August 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

Using Simulation Models to Train Clinicians in the Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound

Using Simulation Models to Train Clinicians in the Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

Nursing Practice
Immunization Techniques
Pain Management

Background:

Aspiration before intramuscular immunization is a debated practice.
Current evidence suggests aspiration may increase patient discomfort.
Some healthcare professionals maintain that aspiration is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of an educational session on nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding aspiration during intramuscular immunization.
To assess changes in understanding of best practices for intramuscular vaccine administration.

Main Methods:

A quasi-experimental design using pre- and post-education questionnaires.
150 participants, primarily community health nurses, attended an immunization conference.
Data collected on knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs concerning intramuscular immunization techniques.

Main Results:

Prior to education, 32.4% of nurses believed slow injection caused the most pain.
Post-education, 94.2% recognized that slow injection caused more pain than swift injection.
Significant improvement in understanding of current best practice recommendations for aspiration was observed.

Conclusions:

Educational interventions can effectively update nurses' understanding of evidence-based immunization practices.
The findings support the discontinuation of routine aspiration before intramuscular immunizations.
Addressing misconceptions about pain perception during injections is vital for optimal patient care.