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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
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Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis
10:33

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Published on: June 20, 2012

Dorsolateral prefrontal contributions to human working memory.

Aron K Barbey1, Michael Koenigs, Jordan Grafman

  • 1Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. barbey@illinois.edu

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|July 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is essential for manipulating information in working memory. Damage to the dlPFC impairs verbal and spatial knowledge manipulation, highlighting its necessity for cognitive functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a role in human memory.
  • The specific necessity of the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) for working memory competencies is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the dlPFC is necessary for working memory function.
  • To determine the role of dlPFC in the manipulation of verbal and spatial information.

Main Methods:

  • Studied human brain lesion patients.
  • Administered Wechsler Memory Scale, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and N-Back Task.
  • Compared three groups: dlPFC lesions (n=19), non-dlPFC lesions (n=152), and no brain lesions (n=54).

Main Results:

  • dlPFC damage correlated with deficits in manipulating verbal and spatial knowledge.
  • Left dlPFC was necessary for working memory information manipulation.
  • Right dlPFC was critical for manipulating information in broader reasoning contexts.

Conclusions:

  • The dlPFC is essential for the manipulation of verbal and spatial knowledge in working memory.
  • Provides neuropsychological evidence for the necessity of dlPFC in working memory architecture.