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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...

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Epigenetics and the adaptive immune response.

Hrisavgi D Kondilis-Mangum1, Paul A Wade

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.

Molecular Aspects of Medicine
|July 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adaptive immune cells exhibit dynamic epigenetic modifications during development and response. These epigenetic changes are crucial for immune memory but increase the risk of mutations.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Adaptive immune cells undergo significant epigenetic alterations during their lifecycle.
  • Epigenetic plasticity is essential for immune cell development, lineage specification, and effector functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of dynamic epigenetic changes in adaptive immunity.
  • To understand how epigenetic modifications contribute to immune memory and pathogen response.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of DNA methylation patterns.
  • Assessment of histone modifications during immune cell activation.
  • Investigation of chromosomal dynamics in adaptive immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modification, are observed in activated immune cells.
  • These epigenetic changes are linked to the generation of immunologic memory, enhancing secondary pathogen responses.
  • The plasticity of the epigenome, while beneficial for immunity, is associated with an elevated risk of mutations.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic plasticity is fundamental to adaptive immune responses and memory formation.
  • While crucial for defense, the dynamic nature of the epigenome carries an inherent risk of mutations.
  • Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms is vital for addressing immune-related diseases.