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Related Concept Videos

Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
07:47

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

An atypical pneumococcal arthritis.

Pascal Rossi1, Brigitte Granel, Philippe Mouly

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital Nord, Marseille, France. pascalmaurice.rossi@ap-hm.fr

BMJ Case Reports
|July 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause bone and joint infections, even in healthy individuals. This case highlights the importance of checking multiple sites for infection, as it may spread from the mouth.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
07:47

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bone and joint infections are typically seen in immunocompromised patients and affect a single site.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common pathogen, but severe disseminated infections are less frequent in immunocompetent individuals.

Observation:

  • A 49-year-old immunocompetent male presented with sepsis and polyarticular septic arthritis affecting the shoulder and knee.
  • The patient also had cervical spondylodiscitis, a rare spinal infection, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Findings:

  • This case represents a unique presentation of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing simultaneous, multiple-site bone and joint infections in an immunocompetent host.
  • The likely origin of the infection was the gingiva, a common colonization site for S. pneumoniae.

Implications:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae should be routinely considered in the differential diagnosis of bone and joint infections, regardless of immune status.
  • Clinicians should actively investigate for multiple infected sites, even in the absence of overt symptoms, to ensure comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.