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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

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Cysticercal encephalitis with cortical blindness.

Rajniti Prasad1, Neha Thakur, C Mohanty

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. rajniti_prasad@hotmail.com

BMJ Case Reports
|July 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A child with neurocysticercosis experienced seizures and increased intracranial pressure. Treatment led to recovery but with lasting neurological deficits, including limb weakness and vision impairment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Neurocysticercosis is a significant cause of acquired epilepsy and neurological disease worldwide.
  • Pediatric neurocysticercosis presents with diverse neurological manifestations.

Observation:

  • A 6-year-old boy presented with fever, altered sensorium, headache, and seizures.
  • Clinical examination revealed signs of raised intracranial pressure, left VI cranial nerve palsy, and bilateral extensor plantar responses.
  • Imaging studies showed multiple cerebral cortical calcifications and widespread brain cysts.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with neurocysticercosis (NCC) based on clinical, immunological, and imaging findings.
  • Management included mannitol, phenytoin, and albendazole.
  • The patient regained consciousness but had residual left-lower-limb monoparesis and severe visual impairment (PR+/PL+).

Implications:

  • This case highlights the severe neurological sequelae of pediatric neurocysticercosis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes in affected children.
  • Long-term neurological deficits underscore the importance of public health measures for parasitic infection control.