In vivo evaluation of novel amine-terminated nanopore Ti surfaces

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the novel nanopore Ti surface and amine-terminated Ti surface on peri-implant bone formation and bone-implant bonding strength in a rabbit tibiae model. Characterization of the modified Ti surface, such as root-mean square roughness, contact angle, and surface energy was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and a Contact Angle Measurement System, respectively. The results from alkali treatment indicated that an interpenetrating dimensional porosity surface had been formed, whose morphology was similar to the amine-terminated surface of self-assembled monolayers after alkali treatment. The micro-CT demonstrated that the amine-terminated surface had higher bone volume ratio and higher mean trabecular thickness after 4 weeks of implantation. The push-out test and histological examination showed no significant differences in the maximal force and bone-implant contact between the terminated surface and alkali-treated surface. These novel dimensional nanoporous structures can significantly improve the initial stabilization and the osseointegration.