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Related Concept Videos

The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

High-throughput Fluorometric Measurement of Potential Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities
12:33

High-throughput Fluorometric Measurement of Potential Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities

Published on: November 15, 2013

[Not Available].

A Sauvanet

    Journal De Chirurgie
    |July 17, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Extended lymphadenectomy in pancreatic cancer surgery did not improve survival in randomized trials but may offer long-term benefits. Further evaluation is needed to assess its impact on loco-regional recurrence.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Surgical Oncology
    • Gastroenterology

    Context:

    • Pancreatic adenocarcinoma recurrence is often loco-regional, suggesting initial resection may be insufficient.
    • Lymph node metastasis is a known adverse prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer.
    • Retrospective studies indicate potential survival benefits from extended lymphadenectomy.

    Purpose:

    • To evaluate the survival benefit of extended lymphadenectomy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma surgery.
    • To assess the impact of extended lymphadenectomy on post-operative outcomes and recurrence rates.
    • To determine if extended lymphadenectomy should be globally precluded in pancreatic cancer treatment.

    Summary:

    • Four randomized trials evaluated extended lymphadenectomy, including dissection of the celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery, and para-aortic nodes.
    • Globally, extended lymphadenectomy did not demonstrate a significant survival benefit.
    • Transiently increased post-operative diarrhea was observed, but the effect on loco-regional recurrence remains unevaluated.

    Impact:

    • Extended lymphadenectomy did not show overall survival improvement in current randomized trials.
    • The technique is not definitively precluded due to a trend towards better long-term survival in the largest trial.
    • Further research is needed to evaluate its specific impact on loco-regional recurrence rates in pancreatic cancer.