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Related Concept Videos

Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
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Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway

Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Equipment Required
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation
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Chapter 7: Nasal polyps.

Mary S Georgy, Anju T Peters

    Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
    |July 17, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Nasal polyps are inflammatory growths causing congestion and smell loss, often linked to asthma and AERD. Topical nasal steroids are the primary treatment, with surgery reserved for severe cases.

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    Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

    Published on: September 22, 2023

    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Immunology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Nasal polyps are inflammatory outgrowths of paranasal sinus mucosa.
    • Key symptoms include perennial nasal congestion, obstruction, and smell dysfunction (anosmia/hyposmia).
    • Unlike chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps, headache and facial pain are less common.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the etiology, symptoms, associated conditions, and treatment of nasal polyps.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and clinical description of nasal polyps.
    • Discussion of associated conditions like asthma, AERD, cystic fibrosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and ciliary dyskinesia.
    • Overview of histopathological findings (eosinophils, mast cells, IgE) and potential roles of staphylococcal superantigens and epithelial barrier dysfunction.

    Main Results:

    • Nasal polyps are characterized by semitranslucent, pale gray growths.
    • Associated conditions include asthma, AERD, CRS, cystic fibrosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and ciliary dyskinesia.
    • Pathology involves increased eosinophils, mast cells, IgE, and impaired epithelial barrier function.

    Conclusions:

    • Topical nasal steroids are the first-line treatment, effectively reducing polyp size and improving nasal airflow.
    • Oral steroids may be used short-term for significant polyp reduction.
    • Surgery is indicated for severe obstruction or treatment failure; aspirin desensitization benefits AERD patients.