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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
09:32

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach

Published on: September 26, 2019

Chapter 20: Atopic dermatitis.

Bradley R Sabin, Neill Peters, Anju T Peters

    Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
    |July 17, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Atopic dermatitis (AD), or eczema, is a chronic skin condition causing itchy, dry, and inflamed skin. Early treatment involves trigger avoidance, hydration, and topical steroids to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

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    Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
    06:47

    Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment

    Published on: September 27, 2017

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 20, 2026

    Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
    09:32

    Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach

    Published on: September 26, 2019

    Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
    06:47

    Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment

    Published on: September 27, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Immunology
    • Allergology

    Background:

    • Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition.
    • It is characterized by pruritus, xerosis, and IgE-mediated sensitization.
    • AD is associated with an increased risk of developing allergic rhinitis or asthma in children, known as the atopic march.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of atopic dermatitis, including its clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and management.
    • To highlight the age-dependent distribution of AD lesions.
    • To discuss the immunological mechanisms and predisposing factors involved in AD.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on atopic dermatitis.
    • Analysis of clinical characteristics and lesion distribution across different age groups.
    • Examination of immunological pathways, including Th1 and Th2 cell involvement.
    • Discussion of predisposing factors such as filaggrin mutations and common complications.

    Main Results:

    • AD presents with varied lesion distribution depending on age, from cheeks in infants to flexural areas in adults.
    • Acute AD involves Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-31), while chronic AD shows a predominance of Th1 cytokines (interferon gamma, IL-12).
    • Barrier dysfunction, particularly due to filaggrin defects, predisposes individuals to AD, and secondary infections like Staphylococcus aureus and eczema herpeticum are common.

    Conclusions:

    • Atopic dermatitis is a complex inflammatory condition with distinct clinical and immunological profiles.
    • Management strategies include trigger avoidance, skin hydration, and topical therapies.
    • Understanding the immunological basis and potential complications is crucial for effective patient care.