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The Pituitary Gland

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

[Pituitary pituicytoma].

David Rivero-Celada¹, Miguel Barrera-Rojas, Javier Orduna-Martínez

¹Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.

Neurocirugia (Asturias, Spain)

|July 17, 2012

Summary

Pituicytomas, rare neurohypophysis tumors, were diagnosed in a woman presenting with infertility. Surgical removal was successful, though temporary complications occurred, highlighting the need for better understanding of these pituitary tumors.

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Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

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Published on: February 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Endocrinology
Neurosurgery

Background:

Pituicytomas are rare tumors originating in the neurohypophysis.
These tumors were formally classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2007 but have historically been misdiagnosed as other pituitary tumors.
Clinical presentation can be subtle, often discovered during investigations for hormonal dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case of pituicytoma presenting with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia.
To review the clinical and radiological characteristics of pituicytomas.
To discuss treatment strategies for this rare tumor.

Main Methods:

Case report of a 31-year-old female with a suprasellar tumor.
Surgical intervention via a pterional approach for total tumor excision.
Literature review of pituicytoma clinical features, imaging, and management.

Main Results:

The patient presented with infertility due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and mild hyperprolactinemia.
Total tumor resection was achieved.
Post-operative complications included transient diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism, with partial recovery.

Conclusions:

Pituicytomas require careful diagnosis due to their rarity and potential for misclassification.
Surgical management is a primary treatment modality.
Comprehensive review of clinical, radiological, and therapeutic aspects is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.