Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Innovation and sustainability in immune-mediated diseases: An Italian multidisciplinary consensus across gastroenterology, dermatology, and rheumatology.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver·2026
Same author

From Gut Homeostasis to Colorectal Cancer: Spatial and Temporal Reprogramming of Microbial Inosine Signaling.

Biomedicines·2026
Same author

Effectiveness and safety of mirikizumab in ulcerative colitis: real-world data from the Latium Net.

BMJ open gastroenterology·2026
Same author

Immunologic Drivers and Restraints in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Post-inflammatory polyps and risk of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: Wolves in sheep's clothing?

Endoscopy international open·2026
Same author

Dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease pseudopolyps.

Journal of Crohn's & colitis·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
08:02

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

Reprogramming the immune system in IBD.

Thomas T MacDonald1, Anna Vossenkaemper, Massimo Fantini

  • 1Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. t.t.macdonald@qmul.ac.uk

Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) normally regulates gut immunity. In Crohn's disease, Smad7 blocks TGFβ1 signaling, but reducing Smad7 restores TGFβ1's anti-inflammatory effects in the gut.

More Related Videos

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
07:34

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: December 16, 2021

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice
08:37

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: April 21, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
08:02

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
07:34

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: December 16, 2021

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice
08:37

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: April 21, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gut mucosal immune function requires tight regulation to prevent tissue damage from the microbiota.
  • Negative regulatory molecules like transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and interleukin (IL)-10 are crucial for immune homeostasis.
  • TGFβ1 is produced by various cells, notably epithelial cells, while IL-10 is produced by immune cells like macrophages, T cells, and B cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TGFβ1 and Smad7 in regulating gut immune responses, particularly in the context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
  • To determine if Smad7 interferes with TGFβ1's anti-inflammatory function in Crohn's disease.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of modulating Smad7 in IBD and its impact on colitis and colon cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Neutralization of TGFβ1 in human gut samples to assess its effect on Th1 and Th17 responses.
  • Investigating the intracellular signaling pathway of TGFβ1 in IBD, focusing on the role of Smad7.
  • Knockdown of Smad7 in mucosal tissues from Crohn's patients.
  • Generating a genetically modified mouse model overexpressing Smad7 in T cells to study colitis and colon cancer development.

Main Results:

  • Neutralizing TGFβ1 in the human gut increases Th1 and Th17 responses.
  • In Crohn's disease, inflammation is resistant to exogenous TGFβ1 due to a Smad7-mediated intracellular signaling block.
  • Reducing Smad7 levels in Crohn's patient tissues allows endogenous TGFβ1 to reduce inflammation.
  • Mice overexpressing Smad7 in T cells exhibit more severe colitis but show protection against colon cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Smad7 plays a critical role in inhibiting TGFβ1's anti-inflammatory effects in the gut, particularly in Crohn's disease.
  • Targeting Smad7 could be a potential therapeutic strategy to restore TGFβ1 function and reduce gut inflammation.
  • The Smad7-TGFβ1 pathway has complex roles in both inflammatory conditions and cancer development in the gut.