Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 20, 2026

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants
Published on: May 23, 2020
[Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway in skeletal Class III patients after sagittal split ramus osteotomy]
Hong-wei Wang1, Jian-guo Wang, Su-qing Qi
1Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin 300041, China.
Objective:
To analyze the three-dimensional changes of pharyngeal airway in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion after the combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment.
Methods:
Twenty patients (9 males, 11 females) and 40 subjects with normal occlusion were involved in the study. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were performed on patients one week and six months after treatment. Raw data were reconstructed into three-dimensional model and sagittal and transversal measurements, cross sectional areas, partial and total volumes were computed.
Results:
After treatment, the sagittal diameters of each section were significantly reduced by (2.7 ± 3.5), (3.0 ± 3.8), (2.7 ± 3.3) mm, respectively (P < 0.05). The transversal diameter of laryngopharyngeal airway constricted significantly by (4.8 ± 4.1) mm (P < 0.05). Cross sectional areas and volumes of each part in patients after surgery were significantly narrower compared with those of the controls.
Conclusions:
After combined therapy the pharyngeal airway space decreased.
Related Concept Videos
Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
Pharynx
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx, bordered by the conchae of the nasal cavity, serves exclusively as an air conduit. In its superior region, the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids are located. These tonsils are clusters of lymphoid reticular tissue akin to a lymph node. The precise...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway
Equipment Required
Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract
The Larynx
It is located between the pharynx and the trachea, acts as a passageway for air, and hosts several critical structures, such as the epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis. The epiglottis acts as a gateway, guiding food to the...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...

