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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears
04:27

Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears

Published on: May 9, 2025

Subacromial impingement syndrome.

Masood Umer1, Irfan Qadir, Mohsin Azam

  • 1Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan.

Orthopedic Reviews
|July 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) involves shoulder pain from rotator cuff issues. Current treatments like physical therapy and injections lack high-quality trial evidence, highlighting a need for more research.

Keywords:
rotator cuff tendinopathy.shoulder painsubacromial bursitissubacromial impingement syndrome

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Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears
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Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Published on: February 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) encompasses a range of shoulder pathologies, including subacromial bursitis, rotator cuff tendinopathy, and full-thickness rotator cuff tears.
  • The precise relationship between subacromial impingement and rotator cuff disease in the development of rotator cuff injuries is debated.
  • The etiology of SAIS is multifactorial, involving both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS).
  • To identify the gaps in high-quality clinical research regarding the diagnosis and treatment of SAIS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on subacromial impingement syndrome.
  • Analysis of the current evidence base for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • SAIS is a spectrum of shoulder conditions with debated etiology.
  • Management options include physical therapy, injections, and surgery.
  • A lack of high-quality randomized controlled trials exists for comparing treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant need for rigorous clinical research to guide the diagnosis and treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome.
  • Evidence-based guidelines for managing SAIS are currently limited due to insufficient high-quality trials.