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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Retrograde Perfusion and Filling of Mouse Coronary Vasculature as Preparation for Micro Computed Tomography Imaging

Retrograde Perfusion and Filling of Mouse Coronary Vasculature as Preparation for Micro Computed Tomography Imaging

Published on: February 10, 2012

Non-contrast enhanced MR angiography: physical principles.

Andrew J Wheaton¹, Mitsue Miyazaki

¹Toshiba Medical Research Institute, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI

|July 19, 2012

Summary

Noncontrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (NCE-MRA) offers a safer alternative to contrast-enhanced MRA. Advances in imaging technology have made NCE-MRA techniques clinically feasible and increasingly in demand.

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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques

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Published on: June 11, 2019

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Retrograde Perfusion and Filling of Mouse Coronary Vasculature as Preparation for Micro Computed Tomography Imaging

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Published on: February 10, 2012

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques

Published on: June 11, 2019

Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Radiology
Cardiovascular Imaging

Background:

Noncontrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (NCE-MRA) techniques have historically faced challenges with long scan times and low sensitivity.
Growing concerns regarding gadolinium-based contrast material safety and cost drive the demand for NCE-MRA.
Recent advancements in hardware and software have significantly improved the clinical feasibility of NCE-MRA.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the physical mechanisms of various NCE-MRA methods.
To introduce established and emerging NCE-MRA techniques.
To discuss the applications, advantages, and limitations of NCE-MRA.

Main Methods:

Explanation of five general classes of NCE-MRA: inflow effect, flow-dependency on cardiac phase, flow-encoding, spin labeling, and relaxation.
Brief introduction to time-of-flight (TOF) and phase contrast MRA (PC-MRA).
Highlighting new developments: HOP-MRA, 4D Flow, cardiac-gated 3D fast-spin-echo, FSD, ASL, and bSSFP.

Main Results:

Established NCE-MRA methods like TOF and PC-MRA are briefly covered.
Emerging techniques such as HOP-MRA, 4D Flow, ASL, and bSSFP are detailed.
The review covers applications, benefits, and drawbacks of both old and new NCE-MRA approaches.

Conclusions:

NCE-MRA is becoming increasingly viable due to technological progress.
Various NCE-MRA techniques offer distinct advantages for different clinical scenarios.
The development of new NCE-MRA methods addresses safety and cost concerns associated with contrast agents.