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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Dopaminergic differentiation using pluripotent stem cells.

Olga Momčilović1, Justine Montoya-Sack, Xianmin Zeng

  • 1The North Bay CIRM Shared Research Laboratory for Stem Cells and Aging, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.

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Summary

Parkinson's disease (PD) research utilizes pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to generate dopaminergic (DA) neurons. This approach aids in disease modeling, drug screening, and offers potential for cell replacement therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons.
  • Current treatments for PD only manage symptoms, as the causes of DA neuron death remain unclear and primary neurons are inaccessible.
  • Existing animal models have limitations in fully replicating PD mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for generating dopaminergic (DA) neurons.
  • To review advancements in the in vitro derivation of DA neurons from PSCs.
  • To highlight applications in disease modeling, drug screening, and cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as a source for neuronal differentiation.
  • Developing in vitro methods for deriving specific cell types, including dopaminergic (DA) neurons.
  • Investigating the genetic modification and isolation of PSCs for disease-specific studies.

Main Results:

  • PSCs can be differentiated into a large quantity of DA neurons.
  • This provides a viable model for studying Parkinson's disease mechanisms.
  • PSCs offer a potential source for cell replacement therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a promising source for generating dopaminergic (DA) neurons.
  • These derived neurons are valuable for Parkinson's disease modeling, drug discovery, and potential therapeutic applications.
  • Further research into PSCs holds significant promise for advancing Parkinson's disease research and treatment.