Nuclear Factor-κB: central regulator in ocular surface inflammation and diseases

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Molecular Biology
• Immunology

Background:

• Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a crucial transcription factor involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and wound healing.
• NF-κB plays a significant role in ocular surface disorders, including chemical injuries, infections, and dry eye disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the regulatory pathways of NF-κB.
• To summarize the biological processes governed by the NF-κB pathway in ocular contexts.
• To discuss potential therapeutic strategies involving NF-κB inhibition for eye diseases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on NF-κB in ocular surface disorders.
• Analysis of NF-κB signaling pathways, including toll-like receptor involvement.
• Examination of NF-κB's role in angiogenesis and immune responses in the eye.

Main Results:

• NF-κB is integral to innate immunity via toll-like receptor signaling in corneal and conjunctival cells, influencing responses to pathogens.
• NF-κB activation is linked to angiogenesis, particularly in alkali-induced corneal injury.
• Natural compounds and specific inhibitors targeting NF-κB signaling pathways demonstrate therapeutic promise.

Conclusions:

• NF-κB is a central regulator of ocular surface homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.
• Targeting NF-κB pathways offers a viable therapeutic approach for various ocular conditions, notably reducing corneal angiogenesis.
• Further research into NF-κB inhibitors like emodin and besifloxacin is warranted for clinical application.