Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

53.6K
Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
53.6K
C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

49.2K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
49.2K
Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

3.6K
Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
3.6K
Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

94.9K
Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
94.9K
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

86.7K
Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
86.7K
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

18.6K
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
18.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Use of transesophageal echocardiography guidance for pulmonary artery banding in a cat with ventricular septal defect.

Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology·2026
Same author

Vitronectin regulates lung tissue remodeling and emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2025
Same author

Double outlet right atrium in a dog.

Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology·2024
Same author

TLR7 promotes smoke-induced experimental lung damage through the activity of mast cell tryptase.

Nature communications·2023
Same author

Th2 high and mast cell gene signatures are associated with corticosteroid sensitivity in COPD.

Thorax·2023
Same author

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes glucocorticoid resistance of neutrophilic inflammation in a murine model of severe asthma.

Thorax·2022
Same journal

Design and methodological development of a digital clinical safety training programme informed by a national framework: a New Zealand case study.

Methods of information in medicine·2026
Same journal

Panic Prediction from Digital Phenotyping: Subject-Level Cross-Validation Reveals Limited Between-Person Generalization.

Methods of information in medicine·2026
Same journal

Agent-Based Modeling Approach for Population Dynamics of the Biological Vector Aedes Aegypti.

Methods of information in medicine·2026
Same journal

A Statistical Framework for Person-centered Analysis of Digital Service Use in Public Health and Social Care.

Methods of information in medicine·2026
Same journal

Assessing the Quality of Electronic Discharge Summaries: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Validated Spanish Version of the PDQI-9.

Methods of information in medicine·2026
Same journal

A Knowledge Graph-Driven Hypergeometric Efficacy Prediction Model for Classical Traditional Chinese Herbal Formulas.

Methods of information in medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: MAPP Protocol – Advancing Glycan Analysis
07:12

Author Spotlight: MAPP Protocol – Advancing Glycan Analysis

Published on: September 29, 2023

2.4K

Pathway based microarray analysis, utilising enzyme compounds and cascade events.

Stelios Pavlidis1, S Swift, A Payne

  • 1School of Information Systems, Computing and Mathematics, Brunel University, London, UK. stelios.pavlidis@brunel.ac.uk

Methods of Information in Medicine
|July 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method for pathway analysis, accounting for genes in multiple pathways. The approach accurately identifies pathway activation states by considering gene multi-membership, improving upon traditional methods.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays
09:47

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays

Published on: August 1, 2017

41.8K
Microarray Analysis for Saccharomyces cerevisiae
13:17

Microarray Analysis for Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: April 7, 2011

14.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: MAPP Protocol – Advancing Glycan Analysis
07:12

Author Spotlight: MAPP Protocol – Advancing Glycan Analysis

Published on: September 29, 2023

2.4K
Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays
09:47

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays

Published on: August 1, 2017

41.8K
Microarray Analysis for Saccharomyces cerevisiae
13:17

Microarray Analysis for Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: April 7, 2011

14.1K

Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Systems Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Pathway-based microarray analysis integrates gene expression and pathway data.
  • Gene expression in pathways can be variable, even for related genes, complicating analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel methodology for identifying individual pathway activation states.
  • To address the challenge of multi-membership genes contributing to multiple pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Genes were classified into single- and multi-membership groups to validate the hypothesis.
  • A hill-climbing algorithm was employed to maximize gene expression agreement within modules.
  • Statistical probabilities were calculated to assess the significance of observed gene expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • Multi-membership genes showed more frequent differential expression.
  • The proposed algorithm successfully identified the activation states of KEGG glycolysis and gluconeogenesis modules in yeast datasets.
  • The method's results were comparable to exhaustive search solutions.

Conclusions:

  • The novel method effectively determines pathway activity by considering gene multi-membership.
  • This approach enhances the interpretation of gene expression data in the context of biological pathways.