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Vocal rate as an assessment process during fallow deer contests
Dómhnall J Jennings1, Robert W Elwood, Caitríona M Carlin
1Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. domhnall.jennings@ncl.ac.uk
Behavioural Processes
|July 24, 2012
Summary
In contests, vocal rates of fallow deer winners and losers did not differ. Instead, vocalizations depended on opponent assessment, suggesting an "opponent-only" strategy rather than mutual assessment.
Area of Science:
- Animal Behavior
- Evolutionary Biology
- Bioacoustics
Background:
- Contest decisions are modeled by mutual or self-assessment processes.
- Vocal signals may convey competitive ability, reducing fighting costs per mutual assessment.
- Evidence for mutual assessment via vocal rates in male ungulates is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate vocal rates in escalated dyadic contests between male fallow deer.
- To determine if vocal rates differ between winners and losers.
- To test whether vocalizations reflect self- or opponent-assessment.
Main Methods:
- Recorded and analyzed vocal rates of male fallow deer during escalated dyadic contests.
- Compared vocal rates of contest winners and losers.
- Used statistical modeling to identify factors influencing individual vocal rates.
Main Results:
- No significant difference was found in vocal rates between winners and losers.
- Individual vocal rates were best explained by factors related to the opponent.
- Contestants' vocalizations depended on perceived opponent quality.
Conclusions:
- Fallow deer contests appear to be driven by opponent assessment, not mutual assessment.
- Vocal rate reflects an "opponent-only" assessment strategy.
- Findings challenge the role of vocalizations in mutual assessment during ungulate contests.
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