Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients

Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients

The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
For extracting a solute from an aqueous phase into an organic...

Extraction: Effects of pH

Extraction: Effects of pH

Consider a neutral form of an amine, B, with a partition coefficient, K, in a liquid mixture containing organic and aqueous phases. The pH of the aqueous phase affects the charge on acidic and basic solutes, and the charged form is usually more soluble in the aqueous phase. Suppose the conjugate acid form of the amine is soluble only in the aqueous phase while the base form is soluble in both phases. Then the distribution coefficient, D, can be given as the ratio of amine concentration in the...

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as cells...

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH

Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles in drug...

Subcellular Fractionation

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cryptic diversity in southern African kelp.

Scientific reports·2024

Same author

Adjuvant Hyperthermic Intravesical Chemotherapy in Intermediate- and High-Risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Cureus·2023

Same author

Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study.

Cureus·2023

Same author

Prognostic factors for early relapse in non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer - real world data.

Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology·2021

Same author

Sex-dependent and -independent transcriptional changes during haploid phase gametogenesis in the sugar kelp Saccharina latissima.

PloS one·2019

Same author

The Automatic Assessment of Strength and Mobility in Older Adults: A Test-Retest Reliability Study.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2019

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems

Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems

Published on: March 26, 2013

Protein characterization by partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems.

Larissa Mikheeva¹, Pedro Madeira, Boris Zaslavsky

¹Analiza, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|July 24, 2012

Summary

Aqueous two-phase systems enable monitoring of protein 3D structure changes due to modifications, conformational shifts, and interactions. This versatile technique works for purified proteins and biological fluids, adaptable for high-throughput analysis.

More Related Videos

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

Published on: August 8, 2025

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

Published on: June 1, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems

Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems

Published on: March 26, 2013

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

Published on: August 8, 2025

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

Published on: June 1, 2017

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Structural Biology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Protein structure is crucial for function.
Monitoring protein 3D structure changes in solution is essential for understanding biological processes.
Existing methods may have limitations in scope or throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the utility of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) for monitoring protein 3D structure.
To demonstrate the adaptability of ATPS for various protein analysis scenarios.
To emphasize the potential of ATPS in high-throughput protein studies.

Main Methods:

Utilizing aqueous two-phase systems for protein partitioning.
Analyzing protein behavior in solution under different conditions.
Adapting the technique for purified proteins and biological fluids.

Main Results:

ATPS effectively monitors protein 3D structure changes.
The technique is applicable to both purified proteins and complex biological fluids.
ATPS can be readily adapted for automated, high-throughput analysis.

Conclusions:

Aqueous two-phase systems offer a robust method for studying protein structural dynamics.
The technique's versatility makes it valuable for diverse biochemical and biophysical research.
ATPS provides an efficient platform for advancing protein science through automated analysis.