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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the recognition that people have...
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Hippocampal volume and internalizing behavior problems in adolescence.

P Cédric M P Koolschijn1, Marinus H van IJzendoorn, Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg

  • 1Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. koolschijnpcmp@fsw.leidenuniv.nl

European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|July 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Smaller left hippocampal volume in typically developing youth is linked to increased internalizing behaviors like anxiety and withdrawal. This suggests shared neuroanatomical features with adult mood disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Adolescence involves significant brain maturation and is a critical period for developing affective and anxiety disorders.
  • Individual differences in brain structure among typically developing youth can illuminate links to internalizing behaviors.
  • Understanding these links may offer insights into the neurobiology of anxiety and depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between hippocampal and amygdala volumes and internalizing behaviors in typically developing children and adolescents.
  • To identify specific brain regions associated with internalizing behavior problems on a continuous scale.
  • To explore potential neuroanatomical overlaps between youth internalizing behaviors and adult mood disorders.

Main Methods:

  • 179 typically developing participants (ages 8-17) underwent automated brain volume measurement using FreeSurfer.
  • Hippocampal and amygdala volumes were assessed.
  • Internalizing behavior was measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) completed by parents.

Main Results:

  • A significant inverse relationship was found between total internalizing problems (CBCL) and hippocampal volume, independent of gender, age, or informant.
  • This association was most pronounced for withdrawal and anxiety/depression subscales, specifically linked to smaller left hippocampal volume.
  • No significant associations were observed between internalizing behavior and amygdala volume.

Conclusions:

  • Smaller left hippocampal volume is associated with higher levels of internalizing behaviors in typically developing youth.
  • These findings suggest that neuroanatomical characteristics seen in adult anxiety and depression may be present in youth with high internalizing behaviors.
  • The study highlights the utility of studying individual differences in typically developing populations to understand the neurobiology of internalizing disorders.