Tomographic views of normal and abnormal hearts: the anatomic basis for various cardiac imaging techniques. Part II

Recent developments have enhanced the diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders in the area of cardiac imaging techniques. From an era of imaging by silhouettes (chest roentgenography, fluoroscopy, angiocardiography), we have emerged into an era of imaging by tomographic scanning (echocardiography, radionuclide tomography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance). A basic understanding of tomographic cardiac anatomy is the foundation for proper use and interpretation of these new imaging modalities. The present report provides a description of the techniques of tomographic cutting of necropsy cardiac specimens and illustrates some of the pathologic cardiac abnormalities cut in these tomographic planes. Part II of this report describes the long-axis method, methods using the body rather than the heart as the reference axis, and includes transverse, frontal, and parasagittal methods of imaging the heart.