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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

Biosynthesis of Lipids

Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, which...
Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope01:18

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...
Membrane Lipids01:32

Membrane Lipids

Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin are the most common phospholipids present in mammalian membranes. At physiological pH, phosphatidylserine is negatively charged, while the other three...
Membrane Lipids01:32

Membrane Lipids

Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin are the most common phospholipids present in mammalian membranes. At physiological pH, phosphatidylserine is negatively charged, while the other three...

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Automated Lipid Bilayer Membrane Formation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane Thin Film
08:23

Automated Lipid Bilayer Membrane Formation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane Thin Film

Published on: July 10, 2016

Supported lipopolysaccharide bilayers.

Stefan Kaufmann1, Karin Ilg, Alireza Mashaghi

  • 1Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department for Materials Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|July 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new platform using supported lipopolysaccharide bilayers (LPS-SLBs) to study bacterial membrane structure and detect saccharide-protein interactions. This method successfully identified specific molecular binding events on the engineered membrane surface.

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Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions
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Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions
12:18

Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions

Published on: August 3, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Membrane biophysics
  • Biochemistry
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Understanding LPS structure and interactions is crucial for developing diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) provide a model system to study membrane properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a platform for measuring LPS membrane structure.
  • To detect saccharide-protein interactions on a model bacterial membrane.
  • To characterize LPS-SLBs using various techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Formation and characterization of LPS-SLBs using native and glycoengineered LPS from Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica.
  • Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) for bilayer analysis.
  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) for thickness measurements.
  • Fluorescence microscopy to study saccharide-protein interactions.

Main Results:

  • Successful formation of LPS-SLBs on SiO(2) surfaces with LPS fractions up to 50 wt %.
  • LPS-SLBs showed only a slight thickness increase compared to pure phospholipid SLBs.
  • Demonstrated specific detection of a weak, multivalent interaction between Escherichia coli LPS (Htype II glycan epitope) and Ralstonia solanacearum lectin (RSL).

Conclusions:

  • LPS-SLBs serve as a robust platform for studying LPS membrane structure.
  • The platform enables the detection and discrimination of specific saccharide-protein interactions.
  • This approach has potential applications in biosensing and understanding bacterial cell surface recognition.