In vitro endothelialization of electrospun terpolymer scaffolds: evaluation of scaffold type and cell source

A family of methacrylic terpolymer biomaterials was electrospun into three-dimensional scaffolds. The glass transition temperature of the polymer correlates with the morphology of the resulting scaffold. Glassy materials produce scaffolds with discrete fibers and large pore areas (1531±1365 μm(2)), while rubbery materials produce scaffolds with fused fibers and smaller pore areas (154±110 μm(2)). Three different endothelial-like cell populations were seeded onto these scaffolds under static conditions: human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), adult human peripheral blood-derived outgrowth endothelial cells, and umbilical cord blood-derived human blood outgrowth endothelial cells. Cellular behavior depended on both cell type and scaffold topography. Specifically, cord blood-derived outgrowth endothelial cells showed more robust adhesion and growth on all scaffolds in comparison to other cell types as measured by the density of adherent cells, the number of proliferative cells, and the enzymatic activity of the adherent cells. Peripheral blood-derived outgrowth cells exhibited less ability to inhabit the terpolymer interfaces in comparison to their cord blood-derived counterparts. HUVECs also exhibited less of a capacity to colonize the terpolymer interfaces in comparison to the cord blood-derived cells. However, the mature endothelial cells did show scaffold-dependent behavior. Specifically, we observed an increase in their ability to populate the low-porosity scaffolds. All cells maintained an endothelial phenotype after 1 week of culture on the electrospun scaffolds.