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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems01:24

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:10

Pharmacokinetics: Overview

Pharmacokinetics is a scientific discipline that focuses on the journey of a drug within the body, encompassing four key stages: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The first stage, absorption, involves the drug's transfer into the bloodstream. Several factors dictate the extent and speed of this process. For example, the liver often metabolizes oral drugs before they reach systemic circulation, leading to only partial absorption. In contrast, intravenous (IV) administration...
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
Pharmacodynamic Responses: Different Types01:03

Pharmacodynamic Responses: Different Types

Pharmacodynamics is the scientific study of a drug's biochemical or physiological influence on the body. It categorizes responses into continuous, discrete (or categorical), and time-to-event outcomes. Continuous responses yield numerical values within a certain range, such as blood pressure readings and blood glucose levels, gauging the efficacy of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs. Discrete responses can be binary, indicating whether a drug has an effect or not, or ordinal, exemplifying...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
13:44

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

Pharmacists' perceptions of a live continuing education program comparing distance learning versus local learning.

Eric C Buxton1, James E De Muth

  • 1Extension Services in Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA. ebuxton@pharmacy.wisc.edu

Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy : RSAP
|July 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Distance learning offers a flexible, cost-effective method for pharmacist professional development. However, traditional learning environments remain preferred for overall learner satisfaction.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy education
  • Continuing professional development
  • Distance learning technologies

Background:

  • Geographic and time constraints necessitate cost-efficient professional development for pharmacists.
  • Distance learning is increasingly available and cost-effective, suggesting its growing prevalence in pharmacy education.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine pharmacist perceptions of a continuing education program delivered via live presentation versus simultaneous webcast.
  • To compare learner experiences between traditional and distance learning formats.

Main Methods:

  • A nonexperimental, postintervention study design was employed.
  • Pharmacists in live and webcast groups were surveyed using identical questions on learning environment, content, and utility.
  • Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare group responses.

Main Results:

  • Demographic similarity was observed between distance and local groups.
  • Both groups reported satisfaction with presentation, audio-visual quality, and applicability of learned material.
  • The local (in-person) group reported significantly higher satisfaction with the overall learning experience.

Conclusions:

  • Distance learning presents a viable and flexible option for pharmacy professional development.
  • While effective, distance learning does not fully replicate the traditional learning environment in terms of learner preference.