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Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
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Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

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Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

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Updated: May 20, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Headache in pregnancy.

E Anne MacGregor1

  • 1Barts Sexual Health Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London EC1A 7BE, UK. e.macgregor@qmul.ac.uk

Neurologic Clinics
|July 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary headaches in women are common during pregnancy, with most cases being benign. Migraine headaches during pregnancy may increase risks for hypertensive disorders and stroke, requiring careful management.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

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Published on: June 2, 2014

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache
05:40

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Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology

Background:

  • Primary headaches, such as migraine, are prevalent in women of reproductive age.
  • Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy significantly impact primary headache disorders.
  • Headaches during pregnancy require careful consideration due to potential associations with adverse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and prognosis of primary headaches during pregnancy and lactation.
  • To outline the management strategies for primary headaches in pregnant and lactating individuals.
  • To highlight the importance of excluding secondary headaches in pregnant patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data on primary headaches in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of prognostic factors and outcomes associated with headaches during gestation.
  • Synthesis of current guidelines for managing primary headaches in pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Main Results:

  • Most primary headaches follow a benign course during pregnancy.
  • Migraine during pregnancy is linked to a higher risk of hypertensive disorders and stroke.
  • Management principles for primary headaches during pregnancy largely mirror those for nonpregnant individuals, with specific modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Primary headaches are generally safe during pregnancy, but vigilance for complications like migraine-associated risks is crucial.
  • Effective management of primary headaches during pregnancy involves adapting standard treatments with safety considerations.
  • Exclusion of secondary headaches is a critical component of headache diagnosis in pregnancy and lactation.