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S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

The DNA Replication Fork

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork. Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...

The DNA Replication Fork

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork. Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Published on: January 19, 2017

Control over DNA replication in time and space.

Ioanna-Eleni Symeonidou¹, Stavros Taraviras, Zoi Lygerou

¹Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, Greece.

|July 31, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic integrity relies on precise DNA replication timing. Cell cycle regulators, including cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), control the licensing and activation of replication origins.

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

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Published on: March 22, 2018

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Genetics

Background:

DNA replication is essential for cell division and genomic stability.
Eukaryotic replication initiates bidirectionally from multiple origins.
Origin selection and activation are tightly regulated throughout the cell cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing DNA replication initiation.
To understand the role of pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in replication control.

Main Methods:

The study focuses on the molecular mechanisms of DNA replication initiation.
It examines the assembly and activation of pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs).
It investigates the role of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity in regulating replication timing.

Main Results:

Pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs), including MCM2-7 helicases, license origins during G1 phase.
Activation of a subset of pre-RCs at the G1/S transition establishes replication forks.
Origin selection is influenced by chromatin, nuclear organization, and stochastic factors.

Conclusions:

Precise temporal and spatial regulation of DNA replication is crucial for genomic integrity.
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity fluctuations orchestrate the cell cycle-dependent initiation of replication.
Understanding these mechanisms is key to comprehending cell proliferation and potential errors.