Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Factorial Design02:01

Factorial Design

Factorial Analysis is an experimental design that applies Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures to examine a change in a dependent variable due to more than one independent variable, also known as factors. Changes in worker productivity can be reasoned, for example, to be influenced by salary and other conditions, such as skill level. One way to test this hypothesis is by categorizing salary into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and skills sets into two levels (entry level...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sex differences in task engagement and lapse rate during reward learning.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The International Guideline for the Definition, Classification, Diagnosis and Management of Urticaria.

Allergy·2026
Same author

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Mast Cell Diseases: Review and Update.

Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology·2025
Same author

Perspectives in the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Anaphylaxis.

Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology·2025
Same author

Adrenaline: A Lifeline for Rapid Drug Desensitization in Hypersensitive Patients.

Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology·2025
Same author

Anaphylaxis Induced by Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Seed Ingestion: A Case Report.

Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology·2025
Same journal

Decoding the "Metallic" Immune Imprint: Single-Cell Exposomics Reveals the Immune Imprint of Fire Smoke.

Allergy·2026
Same journal

Immunonutrition in Early Life: The Role of Complementary Feeding, Dietary Patterns, and Nutritional Exposures on the Health of Young Children-An EAACI Scoping Review.

Allergy·2026
Same journal

Detergent-Containing Toothpaste Decreases Esophageal Mucosal Impedance and Alters Salivary Properties in Humans.

Allergy·2026
Same journal

Global Variation in Timing of Allergenic Food Introduction for Food Allergy Prevention: An International Survey of Healthcare Professionals.

Allergy·2026
Same journal

Deficiency of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Enzyme, CPT1A, Underlies Airway Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Severe Asthma.

Allergy·2026
Same journal

Surgical Management of Non-Allergic Rhinitis-An EAACI Task Force Position Paper.

Allergy·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Co-factor-enhanced food allergy.

V Cardona1, O Luengo, T Garriga

  • 1Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. vcardona@vhebron.net

Allergy
|August 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Co-factor enhanced food allergy, involving alcohol, exercise, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), is often linked to severe anaphylaxis. Plant-derived foods like vegetables and cereals are common culprits, with lipid transfer protein being a frequent allergen.

More Related Videos

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
10:31

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Published on: October 25, 2018

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
10:22

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
10:31

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Published on: October 25, 2018

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
10:22

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Alcohol, exercise, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are recognized potential amplifiers of food allergic reactions.
  • Previous research on co-factor enhanced food allergy is limited to individual cases or small case series.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics and prevalence of co-factor enhanced food allergy.
  • To identify common food allergens and co-factors involved in severe allergic reactions.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive study was conducted involving 74 cases of suspected co-factor enhanced food allergy.
  • Diagnostic assessments included skin-prick tests, specific IgE measurements, and oral food challenges.

Main Results:

  • Anaphylaxis was the predominant reaction, occurring in 85.1% of cases.
  • Plant-derived foods, primarily vegetables and cereals, were implicated in 99% of reactions.
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) were involved in 58%, exercise in 52.7%, and alcohol in 12.2% of cases. Lipid transfer protein was the most common allergen.

Conclusions:

  • Co-factor enhanced food allergy is a significant clinical entity, often presenting as severe anaphylaxis.
  • The study highlights the crucial role of considering alcohol, exercise, and NSAID as co-factors in food allergy assessments.