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P50 Sensory Gating in Infants
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Development, awareness and inductive selectivity.

Brett K Hayes1, Melissa Lim1

  • 1School of Psychology, University of New South Wales.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|August 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children can learn context-dependent inferences, but awareness of context cues is crucial for this learning. This finding challenges prior beliefs about implicit learning in young children.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Context-dependent learning involves making inferences based on contextual cues.
  • Previous research suggested implicit learning mechanisms in children's context-dependent inferences.
  • The role of awareness in this learning process remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if adults and children can learn context-dependent inferences about novel stimuli.
  • To determine the role of awareness of context cues in this learning.
  • To challenge existing theories on implicit learning in children's selective induction.

Main Methods:

  • Participants trained on matching tasks where a relevant dimension (shape/color) shifted based on item context.
  • A selective induction test assessed context-dependent responding in a complex task.
  • Awareness of context cues was measured behaviorally and through explicit questioning.

Main Results:

  • Experiment 1: Few adults showed context-dependent responding with standard training.
  • Experiment 2: Modified training improved context-dependent responding in most adults and many 4-6 year olds.
  • Crucially, context-dependent responding in both age groups required awareness of context cues.

Conclusions:

  • Children as young as 4 can learn selective inferences about novel stimuli.
  • This learning is contingent upon conscious awareness of relevant context cues.
  • Findings suggest context-dependent learning in children is not solely based on implicit mechanisms.