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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model
07:40

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

Published on: January 12, 2022

Autoimmune retinopathy.

T Braithwaite1, A Vugler, A Tufail

  • 1Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK. tasaneebraithwaite @ gmail.com

Ophthalmologica. Journal International D'Ophtalmologie. International Journal of Ophthalmology. Zeitschrift Fur Augenheilkunde
|August 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune retinopathy causes rapid vision loss and affects photoreceptors. Early diagnosis and understanding its immune triggers are crucial for better management of this rare condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) comprises rare diseases like cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR), and presumed non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy (npAIR).
  • AIR typically presents in middle age with rapid, bilateral vision loss, often with a normal fundus exam, necessitating extensive investigation to rule out other causes and malignancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification, investigation, and management of autoimmune retinopathy.
  • To explore evolving concepts regarding the immunological etiology of autoimmune retinopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of autoimmune retinopathy classification, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment modalities.
  • Analysis of current understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and identified antiretinal antibodies.

Main Results:

  • AIR shares overlapping phenotypes, requiring thorough investigation for diagnosis.
  • Current treatments lack a strong evidence base, and serological investigations are limited internationally.
  • Advances in understanding pathophysiological mechanisms have been made, but triggers for autoimmune attack remain unclear.

Conclusions:

  • Delayed diagnosis and treatment contribute to poor visual prognosis in autoimmune retinopathy.
  • Limited access to specialized serological testing complicates management.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise triggers of autoimmune retinopathy and establish evidence-based treatments.