Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How does the brain "know" when it has had enough sleep? A hypothesis.

Sleep medicine reviews·2026
Same author

Can a Single Night of Sleep Deprivation Unmask Human Sleep and Neurophysiobehavioral Impairments During the Post-Acute Phase of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury?

Journal of biological rhythms·2025
Same author

Pro: Does sleep banking produce a surplus of sleep-dependent brain resources?

Sleep·2025
Same author

Sleep during and following military deployment: A scoping review.

Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association·2025
Same author

A Scoping Review on the Efficacy/Effectiveness and Utilization of Complementary and Integrative Health for Pain in the Military Health System.

Journal of integrative and complementary medicine·2025
Same author

Negative health outcomes in long sleepers: The societal sleep restriction hypothesis.

Sleep medicine reviews·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

Trait-like vulnerability to total and partial sleep loss.

Tracy L Rupp1, Nancy J Wesensten, Thomas J Balkin

  • 1Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.

Sleep
|August 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Individual differences in vulnerability to sleep loss are consistent across total sleep deprivation and sleep restriction. This resilience to sleep loss appears to be a trait-like characteristic, impacting cognitive performance and mood.

Keywords:
Sleep deprivationcognitive performanceindividual differencesmoodpartial sleep deprivationsleep restriction

More Related Videos

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice
05:05

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice

Published on: September 22, 2023

Chronic Sleep Deprivation in Mouse Pups by Means of Gentle Handling
03:46

Chronic Sleep Deprivation in Mouse Pups by Means of Gentle Handling

Published on: October 11, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice
05:05

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice

Published on: September 22, 2023

Chronic Sleep Deprivation in Mouse Pups by Means of Gentle Handling
03:46

Chronic Sleep Deprivation in Mouse Pups by Means of Gentle Handling

Published on: October 11, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Sleep science
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Human performance

Background:

  • Individual responses to sleep loss vary significantly.
  • Understanding trait-like vulnerability is crucial for predicting performance decrements.
  • Previous research often focused on total sleep deprivation or chronic sleep restriction independently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if individual differences in vulnerability to total sleep deprivation (TSD) correlate with vulnerability to chronic sleep restriction (SR).
  • To determine if resilience to sleep loss is a stable, trait-like characteristic.
  • To assess the impact of different sleep loss paradigms on cognitive performance and mood.

Main Methods:

  • Nineteen healthy adults underwent two counterbalanced sleep loss conditions: 63 hours of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and 7 nights of 3-hour nightly time in bed (SR).
  • Cognitive performance (psychomotor vigilance, working memory, mathematical processing), objective alertness, subjective sleepiness, and mood were measured.
  • Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess the consistency of individual differences across conditions.

Main Results:

  • Individuals showing greater vulnerability to TSD also exhibited greater vulnerability to SR across cognitive tasks (PVT lapses, PVT speed, 1-Back, mathematical processing).
  • Trait-like responsivity was observed in mood variables, including vigor, fatigue, and happiness.
  • High ICC values indicated significant consistency in individual performance and mood responses to both TSD and SR.

Conclusions:

  • Resilience to sleep loss is a stable, trait-like characteristic.
  • This resilience influences an individual's ability to maintain performance during both acute total sleep deprivation and chronic sleep restriction.
  • Future research should explore the generalizability of these findings to other sleep loss schedules.