Monolithic precolumns as efficient tools for guiding the design of nanoparticulate drug-delivery formulations

The development of nanomedicines for improved diagnosis and treatment of diseases is pushing current analytical methods to their limits. More efficient, quantitative high-throughput screening methods are needed to guide the optimization of promising nanoparticulate drug delivery formulations. In response to this need, we present herein a novel approach using monolithic separation media. The unique porosity of our capillary monolithic precolumns allows the direct injection and online removal of protamine-oligonucleotide nanoparticles ("proticles") without column clogging, thus avoiding the need for time-consuming off-line sample workup. Furthermore, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP)-derived monoliths show equivalent preconcentration efficiency for the target drug vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as conventional particle-packed precolumns. The performance of the ROMP-derived monolithic precolumns was constant over at least 100 injections of crude proticle-containing and 300 injections of highly acidic samples. Applying a validated LC-MS/MS capillary monolithic column switching method, we demonstrate the rapid determination of both drug load and in vitro drug release kinetics of proticles within the critical first 2 h and investigate the stability of VIP-loaded proticles in aqueous storage medium intended for inhalation therapy.