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Hematological manifestations of celiac disease
Atallah Baydoun1, Joseph E Maakaron, Houssam Halawi
1Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Insights
Celiac disease is increasingly diagnosed, often presenting with hematological issues like anemia. Gluten-free diets (GFD) are key for managing these symptoms and preventing complications.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology and Hematology
- Autoimmune Disorders
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder, is increasingly identified due to improved diagnostics.
- Atypical presentations and diverse hematological manifestations are now recognized.
- Gluten-free diet (GFD) is the primary treatment for celiac disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest findings on hematological manifestations of celiac disease.
- To discuss the management strategies for these hematological complications.
- To present an algorithm for diagnosis, management, and follow-up of celiac disease.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent findings on celiac disease and hematology.
- Discussion of diagnostic approaches for celiac disease.
- Analysis of management strategies including GFD adherence and complication education.
Main Results:
- Anemia is the most common hematological manifestation, often presenting as the sole symptom.
- Other hematological findings include thrombocytosis, leukopenia, thromboembolism, bleeding tendency, IgA deficiency, splenic dysfunction, and lymphoma.
- Celiac disease diagnosis is crucial for unexplained hematological findings.
Conclusions:
- Celiac disease should be considered in patients with isolated hematological abnormalities.
- Adherence to a GFD and patient education are vital for managing celiac disease and its complications.
- A structured approach to management and follow-up is essential.
Abstract:
Celiac disease, an autoimmune disease once thought to be uncommon, is now being increasingly identified. Our improved diagnostic modalities have allowed us to diagnose more and more patients with atypical symptoms who improve on gluten-free diet (GFD). We discuss here the latest findings regarding the various hematological manifestations of celiac disease and their management. Anemia remains the most common hematological manifestation of celiac disease due to many mechanisms, and can be the sole presenting symptom. Other manifestations include thrombocytosis and thrombocythemia, leukopenia, thromboembolism, increased bleeding tendency, IgA deficiency, splenic dysfunction, and lymphoma. The diagnosis of celiac disease should always be kept in mind when a patient presents with unexplained and isolated hematological finding. Once diagnosed, patients should adhere to GFD and be educated about the potential complications of this disease. We herein present an algorithm for adequate management and follow-up.
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