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Published on: August 29, 2025
The alliance negotiation scale: psychometric construction and preliminary reliability and validity analysis.
Jennifer M Doran1, Jeremy D Safran, Vanina Waizmann
1Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY 10011, USA. jenniferdoran718@yahoo.com
Summary
This study introduces the Alliance Negotiation Scale (ANS) to measure how well patients and therapists navigate disagreements. The ANS shows promise in assessing this crucial aspect of the therapeutic relationship.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Psychotherapy Research
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Traditional working alliance measures focus on agreement regarding therapeutic tasks and goals.
- Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that constructively negotiating disagreements is a vital, yet under-measured, dimension of the therapeutic alliance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and preliminarily evaluate a new measure, the Alliance Negotiation Scale (ANS), to operationalize the negotiation of disagreements in therapy.
- To assess the psychometric properties of the ANS, including its factor structure and internal consistency.
Main Methods:
- Development of a 12-item patient self-report instrument, the Alliance Negotiation Scale (ANS).
- Utilized exploratory factor analysis and expert ratings to inform scale development.
- Assessed internal consistency and construct validity through correlations with existing working alliance measures.
Main Results:
- The Alliance Negotiation Scale (ANS) consists of two distinct factors.
- Both factors demonstrated good internal consistency.
- Preliminary correlations support the construct validity of the ANS in relation to the broader working alliance.
Conclusions:
- The Alliance Negotiation Scale (ANS) is a promising new instrument for measuring the negotiation of disagreements within the therapeutic alliance.
- Further validation studies are necessary to establish the ANS as a robust measure in psychotherapy research and practice.
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